منابع مشابه
Gynecomastia.
Copyright © 2007 Massachusetts Medical Society. During an evaluation for low back pain, a 67-year-old man is found to have gynecomastia on the right side that is nontender on palpation. Other than a body-mass index (the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) of 32, the physical examination is normal. His medical history is notable only for hyperlipidemia; his only me...
متن کاملGynecomastia.
Gynecomastia is defined as benign proliferation of glandular breast tissue in men. Physiologic gynecomastia is common in newborns, adolescents, and older men. It is self-limited, but can be treated to minimize emotional distress and physical discomfort. Nonphysiologic gynecomastia may be caused by chronic conditions (e.g., cirrhosis, hypogonadism, renal insufficiency); use of medications, suppl...
متن کاملGynecomastia — Symptoms and Treatment
Gynecomastia is the breast enlargement in males, due to increased glandular proliferation. This is very common condition and mostly physiological in neonates, pubertal boys and elderly persons. Some cases are pathologic and secondary to drugs, chronic liver and kidney disease or hyperthyroidism. Majority are asymptomatic and do not need treatment. If treatment is needed, it should be tailored a...
متن کاملGynecomastia — Symptoms and Treatment
Gynecomastia is the breast enlargement in males, due to increased glandular proliferation. This is very common condition and mostly physiological in neonates, pubertal boys and elderly persons. Some cases are pathologic and secondary to drugs, chronic liver and kidney disease or hyperthyroidism. Majority are asymptomatic and do not need treatment. If treatment is needed, it should be tailored a...
متن کاملPrepubertal and Pubertal Gynecomastia
Physiology and molecular mechanisms Gynecomastia is defined as the growth of the male mammary gland to become palpable and/or visible. During embryogenesis, the differentiation of the mammary gland and surrounding estroma, as well as the areola and the nipple, is similar in the two sexes. It is well established that estrogens stimulate breast growth. The production of estrogens during pregnancy...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Endocrine
سال: 2016
ISSN: 1355-008X,1559-0100
DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-0975-9